e. b. inductive theory Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. c. c. Test with =.05\alpha=.05=.05 to determine whether we can infer that the population variance differs from 300. In many cases, researchers may find that the results of an experimentdo notsupport the original hypothesis. The villagers of Minamata, the village in which the company was located, refused to become involved in lawsuits with the chemical company for many years. 15. b. Women are more likely than men to vote to acquit on juries. What is the independent variable in Dr. Smith's Experiment? axiom identical twin? e. variable. For example, a researcher might operationally define the variable "test anxiety"as the results of a self-report measure of anxiety experienced during an exam. ethnomethodology This is known as falsifiability. Tara is conducting a research study to examine the reasons why white collar criminals are given relatively minor sentences, while street criminals are faced with much more severe penalties, even when the financial damage lower. Tags: Question 6 . 1. in an experiment yields data against which other groups are compared. General explanation for a natural phenomena c. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. It suggests that for a theory to be considered scientific it must be able to be tested and conceivably proven false. Induction is the preferred approach. d. The research hypothesis is often called the alternative hypothesis. Which of the following analogies best describes the process of science? A researcher who defines "elite families" as those with annual incomes larger than $250,000 has __________ this concept. If we reject the null hypothesis, this doesnt really mean that our alternative hypothesis is correct but it does provide support for the alternative / experimental hypothesis. In deduction, we start from observed data and develop a generalization that explains the relationship between the observed concepts. ethnomethodology Juvenile delinquency is a social problem. Which of the following is an example of a testable research hypothesis? TRUE/FALSE 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/testable-hypothesis-explanation-and-examples-609100. d. Which of the following statements presents a testable hypothesis? The basic format might be: "If {these changes are made to a certain independent variable}, then we will observe {a change in a specific dependent variable}.". two Jayne would rank high on the Big Five trait of a. conscientiousness. An increase in the amount of food available on the ground caused the green anole lizard population to evolve. analyze the data. e. Content is reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates. c. A hypothesis is a tentative answer to a scientific question. b. macrotheory A. Politicians may develop new policies to protect species from environmental changes. Daily Tips for a Healthy Mind to Your Inbox. b. A) a sugar crystal is forming faster because it is grown in a cold environment. symbolic interactionists C. Cold viruses have a right to reproduce just like anything else. The chemical company controlled more of the village resources in Minamata than in Niigata. It contains at least three of the . 16. e. If we water the wilted basil plant then it will become healthy. Scientific hypothesis refers to a proposed or tentative explanation for the occurrence of a particular phenomenon. Humans will someday land on Mars. Wadworth, 2013. feminist a. Which of the following statements about paradigms is FALSE? Kendra Cherry, MS,is the author of the "Everything Psychology Book (2nd Edition)"and has written thousands of articles on diverse psychology topics. Which one of the following is the best example of a hypothesis? b. c. conflict He also notices that crime reinforces community norms when criminals are caught and punished. feminist paradigms. d. In many cases, researchers might draw a hypothesis from a specific theory or build on previous research. is broader in scope than a hypothesis, is supported by a large body of evidence, and generates many new hypotheses. c. b. less simple carbohydrates b. 17. Grounded theory is the same as deductive theory. It is stated at the start of the study. ", "People with high-sugar diets and sedentary activity levels are more likely to develop depression. A plant needs at least five hours of sunlight per day to grow. A. they store genetic information in DNA molecules social Darwinism develop measures. It really doesn't matter how many variables there are. theory, operationalization, observation a. 5.Chocolate ice cream melts slower than vanilla ice cream. A directional (one-tailed) hypothesis predicts the nature of the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. one Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/testable-hypothesis-explanation-and-examples-609100. critical race theory identify your concepts. symbolic interactionism Learn more about our, The core of science: Relating evidence and ideas, The social side of science: A human and community endeavor, A scientific approach to life: A science toolkit, graphics and pdfs of the Science Checklist. Remember, a hypothesis does not have to be correct. Later he screamed "Come on, cello! Some examples of how to write a hypothesis include: Castillo M. The scientific method: a need for something better?. A. inhale deeply This is known as the null hypothesis. Which of the following topics would a macrotheorist be more likely to study than a microtheorist? 19. Which of the following paradigms is May probably using? possesses a meaningful (unique and non-arbitrary) zero value. a hypothesis. Roses are more beautiful than violets. D. at age 3 or 4, when children are dressed in gender-specific clothing, D. at age 3 or 4, when children are dressed in gender-specific clothing, Fraternal twins share _____ of the same genes, while identical twins share _____ of the same genes. If x=.11,y=.09,x=.17,y=.17,\mu_{x}=.11, \mu_{y}=.09, \sigma_{x}=.17, \sigma_{y}=.17,x=.11,y=.09,x=.17,y=.17, and xy2=.0412,\sigma_{xy}^{2}=.0412,xy2=.0412, find the mean and standard deviation of the portfolio return P=.5x+.5yP=.5x + .5yP=.5x+.5y. ", In other instances, researchers might look at commonly held beliefs or folk wisdom. The Visible Spectrum: Wavelengths and Colors, Ph.D., Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, B.A., Physics and Mathematics, Hastings College. "Birds of a feather flock together" is one example of folk wisdom that a psychologist might try to investigate. conflict d. 6. It also must be justifiable that is consistent with an existing body of research findings. -Miguel's car doesn't start in the morning, so he methodically checks one possible component at a time to try to figure out why his car will not start. c. effect hypothesis. For example, prior research has shown that stress can impact the immune system. E.g., there will be a difference in how many numbers are correctly recalled by children and adults. Select one: a. Bacteria populations increase with temperature. Which of the following is a testable hypothesis? c. Learn strategies for building lessons and activities around the Science Checklist. c. d. (Choose the single best answer.) It states that the results are not due to chance and that they are significant in terms of supporting the theory being investigated. A. none; 50% is a deductive method of theory construction that requires the researcher to begin constructing theory by first observing aspect of social life. a. Which of the following is NOT a rule when writing a hypothesis? a. ANS: T proven hypothesis. Weber. Interpret the meaning of the Y intercept, b0b_0b0 -. A hypothesis must be testable and _______________ --there must be some observation or experiment that could show that it is not true. e. b. Comte Consider an experiment in which human subjects are given a pill to test its effectiveness on reducing the duration of a cold. observe some segment of social life. clarifying the meaning of the concept. Be sure that it follows these guidelines: d. Temperature decreases will affect gas production and fermentation much of the time. concept. paradigm Postmodernism is the view that there is an objective reality that can be studied with positivism. Write a function that sums all the numbers three b. It is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in a study. B) The growth rate of an E. coli bacterial colony will increase as temperature increases from 10 C to 50 C. is an inductive method of theory construction that requires the researcher to begin constructing theory by first observing aspect of social life. D. comparing identical twins raised in different environments with fraternal twins raised in different environments, B. comparing identical twins raised in the same environment with fraternal twins raised in the same environment, In the essay, the point is made that the right questions must be asked when designing an experiment that measures how genetics and environment "shape who we are." They make sense of observed patterns to suggest other possibilities. a. It contains more complex Weber. 1. External Validity in Research, The Definition of Random Assignment According to Psychology. b. do a literature review. His assumption that kids like to be respected is known as a(n): Testable hypothesis are those which can be approved or denied on the basis of results of any testing, experience, or data collection. Why or why not? -Weights of five different dog breeds Privacy policy, Educators discuss how they use Understanding Science in their teaching, We use cookies to see how our website is performing. b. 2.Yes, because you can collect data to support or refute it. 12. Marx positivistic To test this hypothesis, you restate it as: H 0: Men are, on average, not taller than women. d. extra version. If temperature is increased, then gas production, which measures fermentation rate, will increase. d. In order to be considered testable, two criteria must be met: All the following hypotheses are testable. a. Many authors will suggest questions that still need to be explored. What paradigm might she be using? concise) and comprises clear and simple language. conflict paradigm 2 will be made if a hypothesis is true 29. The first step in constructing a theory through the inductive method is to: friends became juvenile delinquents. a scientifically testable When in doubt, researchers should use the ___________of measurement possible. Such research helps us better understand how different aspects of the natural world relate to one another. e. A. . d. There were too few subjects.In other words, the sample size was too small. It predicts in which direction the change will take place. b. He conducts ____________ research. Which of the following explanations is a testable hypotheses?A) a sugar crystal is forming faster because it is grown in a cold environment.B) A plant is dying because of the direction of spinning of the earth.C)a bird lays more eggs because of the intensity of thunderstorms D) a burp increases the weight of a baby. you like to eat. Pay attention to the discussion section in thejournal articles you read. d. A. comparing identical twins raised in the same environment with identical twins raised in different environments B. b. A hypothesis is a testable explanation for an event. b. D. Yoel read literature about Todd Campbell's work with green and brown anoles. In this situation, the researcher might utilize a simulated task to measure aggressiveness. c. It is helpful to form hypotheses because they help focus your investigation on a single idea to be tested. Which of the following is a testable hypothesis that would explain the differences in caterpillar appearance observed in this population? d. fundamental assertions on which theory is grounded that are assumed to be true. In practice, scientific inquiry involves an alternation between deduction and induction. A _________________ is a group in which a known response is expected. Feminist paradigms focus only on women, not men. So a researcher might hypothesize: "People with high-stress levels will be more likely to contract a common cold after being exposed to the virus than people who have low-stress levels. Psychology: Concepts and Applications. 24. . Thanks so much! Kendra Cherry, MS,is the author of the "Everything Psychology Book (2nd Edition)"and has written thousands of articles on diverse psychology topics. 0 questions. Is conflict inevitable between political parties? feminist paradigms B. ANS: F A hypothesis is an educated guess made by the researchers. C. A positive statement concerns what somebody believes should happen; a normative statement concerns what will This problem has been solved! It must be possible to prove that the hypothesis is true. When trying to come up with a hypothesis for your research or experiments, ask yourself the following questions: Before you come up with a specific hypothesis, spend some time doing background research. science, hope, philosophy assumed to be true. Given his interests, he will most likely utilize __________ in conducting his research. Laws and theories have the same meanings. These methods are best used to describe different aspects of a behavior or psychological phenomenon. testable? d. -Almond trees live longer if fertilizer is mixed into the soil once every three months. a. c. The basil plant has not been watered adequately d. The gnomes have not visited the basil plant recently 3. b. following micronutrients: Bad people catch more colds than good people. d. e. However, the residents of Niigata, a fishing village forty miles up the river from the factory, filed lawsuits against the chemical company. Some variables are more difficult than others to define. Hypotheses state an expected causal relationship between _____ (or more) variables. Scientific laws differ from scientific theories in that. 12. conflict ethnomethodology ________ is a proposed explanation for a set of observations. e. 2. Which of the following is If I brush my teeth, I will get fewer cavities than if I don't brush my teeth. concept. By Kendra Cherry Which of the following outlines the steps in the traditional deductive model? 6. Upon analysis of the results, an alternative hypothesis can be rejected or supported, but it can never be proven to be correct. a. How do identical twins Which of the following explanations is a testable hypotheses? ", "Children who receive a new reading intervention will perform better than students who did not receive the intervention. Using a type of logic known as __________________ , a generalized conclusion can often be drawn from a large number of specific observations. a. b. b. 4. b. vitamin D, iron, and calcium. (Choose the single best answer.). Is the following hypothesis about ice cream scientifically -The scores of 5 students on their final exam, -Data showing how the whole breaks down into parts This usually involves proposing a possible relationship between two variables: the independent variable (what the researcher changes) and the dependent variable (what the research measures). What we do instead is see if we can disprove, or reject, the null hypothesis. -Almond trees produce more almonds if they are watered once a day. D. Flying on an airplane with a one-way ticket from Los Angeles to New York City and not returning, C. Driving to and from work every day but needing to travel via different streets to avoid traffic. Which of the following is a scientific hypothesis? Most of the time, the hypothesis begins with a question which is then explored through background research. Write the hypothesis in such a way that you can prove or disprove it. feminist Which of the following is the best definition for the term hypothesis? feminist Which of the following is a testable hypothesis? e. C. Temperature decreases will affect gas production and fermentation much of the time. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. A non-directional (two-tailed) hypothesis predicts that the independent variable will have an effect on the dependent variable, but the direction of the effect is not specified. Hypotheses should be written as statements, not Which of the following are appropriate hypotheses that the farmer could test? Which of the following is a scientifically testable hypothesis about ice cream? composition, Studying society as a system of interconnected components, such as examining the relationship between police, the courts, and the correctional system in criminal justice, is taking which kind of approach? develop measures for your concepts. The hypothesis you use will depend on what you are investigating and hoping to find. Comte believed that science would replace which one of the following by basing knowledge on observations rather than on belief or logic alone? E. It must demonstrate the effect of one variable by testing control groups and experimental groups. It should include phrases such as "more than", "less than", "greater than", "different from", or "related to". A tested hypothesis requires a relationship statement between two or more variables. Why is the basil plant wilted? Yoel collected data on the size of green anole toe pads. Theories, in contrast to paradigms, are general frameworks or viewpoints. feminist right corner in the square matrix. metaphysics AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. a trend or fact, that indicates the state or level of something, differentiates between items or subjects based only on their names or (meta-)categories and other qualitative classifications they belong to, allows for rank order (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) (Choose the single answer that is a testable hypothesis, even if it is not a correct hypothesis!). Verywell Mind articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and mental healthcare professionals. e. A hypothesis is not always testable C. A hypothesis can prove a person's values. A animal cell or a plant cell? The sample variance was calculated to be s2=220s^2=220s2=220. paradigm 1. Takes a long time to formulate but is the closest thing to "fact" or "truth" in science 1) Previous knowledge can help support it. Durkheim For obvious ethical reasons, researchers cannot create a situation in which a person behaves aggressively toward others. Laws are used to explain events. A _______________ establishes a base line for an experiment. a. Which of the following is a testable hypothesis? a measure of how well one variable or set of variables predicts an outcome based on information from other variables, the degree to which a test measures what it claims, or purports, to be measuring. d. c. e. A plant needs at least five hours of sunlight per day to grow. Which of the following best explains this in terms of natural selection? The purpose of double-blind experiments is to: C. minimize bias in the results of an experiment. -Sarah observes that a specific type of ant keeps showing up in her kitchen, which leads her to wonder what the ant is attracted to. Some of the main types of hypotheses that you might use include: A hypothesis often follows a basic format of "If {this happens} then {this will happen}." d. Time Imagine that you do! Because of the rigors of experiment and control, it is much more likely that a theory will be true than a hypothesis. e. grounded theory Inductive research is considered the traditional method of conducting research in the social sciences. a. ", "Younger people who are regularly exposed to green, outdoor areas have better subjective well-being than older adults who have limited exposure to green spaces. ANS: F c. observation (gathering data). This is one reason why a thorough peer review process is required so as to ensure that scientists fully consider all possibilities. a. ", "Children who receive a new reading intervention will have scores different than students who do not receive the intervention. ANS: F I know for sure that 2 and 4 is not the answer. it or describe it. Ethnomethodology argues that there is no objective reality in life. A hypothesis is the proposed answer to a question that was derived from an observation. e. It should include phrases such as "more than", "less than", "greater than", "different from", or "related to". alternative hypothesis. How do they have The difference between a theory and a hypothesis is that: A. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. A good hypothesis is short (i.e. You want to test whether there is a relationship between gender and height. structural functionalism Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic organisms? Members of religious groups consider themselves to be moral C. All of these are testable D. None of these are testable E. Religious groups are moral 8.When you ask yourself, "How can I enhance or reduce the exhibited behavior?" e. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. ANS: T d. The introduction of a predator that lives on the ground caused the green anole lizard population to evolve. d. Once you have completed a literature review, start thinking about potential questions you still have. a. ANS: F, testing potential question, in an interview setting, probing to learn how respondents understand or interpret the questions, process of coming to agreement about what terms mean; mental images we use as summary devices for bringing together observations and experiences that see to have something in common; we use terms and labels to reference, result or family of a conception; represents the whole class of agreed upon markings we assign to terms, Our concepts don't exist in the real world, so they can't be measured directly, but.. it's possible to measure the things that these _____________. null hypothesis 9. Scientific community analysis and feedback. It must be possible to reproduce the results of the hypothesis. Does temperature affect fermentation? Which of the following is a testable hypothesis? Mead Theories seek to provide logical explanations. B. the first synthetic self-cleaning dry adhesive made of polypropylene Q. a. c. See answers Advertisement evalutate B is the correct answer because none of this that you put are testable. analysis The hypothesis that no relationship exists among the variables being studied is known as the d. One of the basic principles of any type of scientific research is that the results must be replicable. By clearly detailing the specifics of how the variables were measured and manipulated, other researchers can better understand the results and repeat the study if needed. Which unstated norms govern the interactions between family members? Operationalizing a concept refers to A) laws explain observations and theories describe observations.B) laws describe observations and theories explain observations.C) theories eventually become laws.D) no difference exists. D. comparing identical twins raised in different environments with fraternal twins raised in different environments, C. comparing identical twins raised in the same environment with identical twins raised in different environments, Which of the following experiments would provide the best data for determining the effect of genetics? e. develop a hypothesis. d. Freda developed a theory and a hypothesis about adjustment to retirement as related to gender. Older people vote more conservatively than do younger people. A normative economic statement is a testable hypothesis about cause and effect. d. a. Question: 2. ANS: F When writing up these results, the researchers might suggest other options that should be explored in future studies. a. microtheory Experimentation to answer a scientific question leads to more questions T or F, A hypothesis is much more general than a scientific theory, All scientific study begins with observations and the formation of testable __________, Any department of systematic knowledge; study of various collections of data or phenomenon, Simple observations are made using the five senses, notes are taken, current problem is stated and research previous-data are studied, An educated guess developed based on observations, always a statement never a question, statement must be able to be tested, Tests hypothesis which leads to further observations and gathering of new data, experimental design includes writing down the procedure (steps) to be used, design should include: tests groups-able to change (the variables) and control groups-never change (the constants), Results are analyzed (data are interpreted), experiments never prove anything they will simply support or not support (reject) the hypothesis initially stated (this will be based on experimental results and the data analysis), Proposed general explanation for a natural phenomenon Dreyer's ice cream. The most effective control subjects in a test of an experimental treatment are: E. treated identically to the experimental subjects but not given the experimental treatment. Which of the following is NOT a function of theory for research? The final step in deductive theory construction is to: It's important, however, to note that while it's possible to say that the hypothesis is correct, much more research would be required to answer the question "why is this hypothesis correct?". the extent to which a test is subjectively viewed as covering the concept it purports to measure. See Answer a. Saul Mcleod, Ph.D., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years experience of working in further and higher education. a scientifically testable You make one batch of cookies with regular flour and another with cake flour. C. comparing fraternal twins raised in the same environment with identical twins raised in different environments Suppose that in addition to measuring the size of the green anole lizards' toe pads, Yoel also decided to examine their diet to see if it had changed as a result of living higher in the trees. e. ANS: F 36. 3. B. Experimental methodsare used to demonstrate causal relationships between variables. Have you ever wondered what it would be like to have an